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Mental Status Exam
 
 

Abnormal Movements

April 1st, 2023
 
 
 
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Repeated Movements

Mannerisms - repetitive, goal-directed movements such as nail-biting.Associated with anxiety
Stereotypes - repetitive, purposeless movements such as foot tapping, scalp rubbing, pacing.Intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders
Compulsions: stereotyped actions or action sequences such as checking, counting, cleaning or rearranging.Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Echophenomena

  • Look For

  • Echolalia - automatic repetition of the examiner's statements
  • Echopraxia - automatic copying of the examiner's posture or movements
  • Causes of Echophenomena

  • Normal speech development (in children)
  • Tourette's syndrome
  • Catatonia - mood disorders, schizophrenia, stroke
  • Fatigue / lack of attention
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