Repeated Movements
Mannerisms - repetitive, goal-directed movements such as nail-biting.Associated with anxiety
Stereotypes - repetitive, purposeless movements such as foot tapping, scalp rubbing, pacing.Intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorders
Compulsions: stereotyped actions or action sequences such as checking, counting, cleaning or rearranging.Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Echophenomena
Look For
- Echolalia - automatic repetition of the examiner's statements
- Echopraxia - automatic copying of the examiner's posture or movements
Causes of Echophenomena
- Normal speech development (in children)
- Tourette's syndrome
- Catatonia - mood disorders, schizophrenia, stroke
- Fatigue / lack of attention
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