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Cranial Nerves
 
 

CN VII: Facial Nerve

 
 
 
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On this page:Facial Nerve PalsyMotor PathwaySpecial Sensory PathwayParasympathetic Pathway
 View Topic Outline

Overview

    • Roles

    • Special sensory (taste) - anterior ⅔ of tongue
    • Somatic sensory - external ear, posterior auricle (Ramsay-Hunt zone)
    • Somatic motor - facial expression, eye closing
    • Visceral motor (parasympathetic) - submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, nasal & palatine glands

Facial Nerve Palsy

    • Abnormalities

    • Facial droop / weakness
    • Inability to close eye
    • Loss of taste
    • Dry eyes / mouth

    • Causes of Facial Nerve Palsy

    • Supranuclear
    • Ischaemic stroke (lacunar or superior cerebellar artery)
    • Tumour - primary / secondary
    • Nuclear / Infranuclear
    • Bell’s palsy (idiopathic)
    • Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (Herpes zoster)
    • Tumour - primary / secondary
    • Parotid gland pathology
    • Otitis media / externa
    • Skull fracture
    • Guillain-Barre
    • Ischaemia
    • Lyme disease
    • Leprosy

Motor Pathway

  • Cortical Centre
    Primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus)
     
     
    Facial Motor Nucleus
    Pons
     
    Foramen
    Internal auditory meatus
     
    Geniculate Ganglion
     
    Division
    Temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and cervical branches
     
     
    Muscles
    Facial expression, orbicularis oculi

Special Sensory Pathway

  • Gustatory Cortex
    Insula
     
     
    Thalamus
     
     
    Facial Sensory Nucleus
    Pons
     
     
    Foramen
    Internal auditory meatus
     
    Geniculate Ganglion
     
    Chorda Tympani Nerve
    Sensory and parasympathetic fibres
     
     
    Receptors
    Anterior ⅔ of tongue

Parasympathetic Pathway

  • Visceral Nuclei
    Superior salivatory & lacrimal nuclei (pons)
     
    Pathway
    Tegmentum, red nucleus, medial substantia nigra
    Foramen
    Internal auditory meatus
     
    Geniculate Ganglion
     
     
    Muscle
    Lacrimal glands, salivary glands, nasal & palatine glands
 
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