Cranial Nerves
 
 

CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

 
 
 
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On this page:Trigeminal Nerve PalsySensory PathwayMotor Pathway
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Overview

    • Roles

    • V1 Ophthalmic Nerve

    • Somatic sensory: forehead, cornea, nasal cavity, oral cavity

    • V2 Maxillary Nerve

    • Somatic sensory: maxillary face, palate, nasal cavity, oral cavity

    • V3 Mandibular Nerve

    • Somatic sensory: mandibular face
    • Motor: muscles of mastication

Trigeminal Nerve Palsy

    • Abnormalities

    • Decreased facial sensation
    • Weak muscles of mastication
    • Increased / decreased jaw jerk
    • Loss of corneal reflex

    • Causes of Trigeminal Nerve Palsy

    • Trigeminal ganglion lesion - herpes zoster, tumour
    • Trigeminl (V) nerve lesion - trauma, tumour, ICA aneurysm, cavernous sinus thrombosis, SLE

Sensory Pathway

  • Cortical Centre
    Primary sensory cortex (parietal lobe)
     
     
    Sensory Nuclei
    Midbrain, pons, medulla, upper cervical cord
    Mesencephalic nucleus: proprioception of face, orbit, mastication, tongue
    Main sensory nucleus: tactile sensation
    Spinal nucleus: pain and temperature sensation
     
     
    Trigeminal Ganglion
     
     
     
     
    V1
    Ophthalmic branch
    Foramen
    Superior orbital fissure
     
     
    Receptors
    Forehead, nose, cornea, conjunctiva
     
     
    V2
    Maxillary branch
    Foramen
    Foramen rotundum
     
     
    Receptors
    Maxillary face, nasal mucosa, upper jaw, roof of mouth
     
     
    V3
    Mandibular branch
    Foramen
    Foramen ovale
     
     
    Receptors
    Mandibular face, temple, external ear, lower mouth, anterior ⅔ of tongue

Motor Pathway

  • Cortical Centre
    Primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
     
     
    Trigeminal Motor Nucleus
    Upper pons
     
    Trigeminal Nerve
    Mandibular branch (V3)
    Foramen
    Foramen ovale
     
     
    Muscles
    Masseter, temporalis, medial & lateral pterygoids
 
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