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Cranial Nerves
 
 

CN V: Trigeminal Nerve

February 15th, 2021
 
 
 
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Overview

  • Roles

  • V1 Ophthalmic Nerve

  • Somatic sensory: forehead, cornea, nasal cavity, oral cavity
  • V2 Maxillary Nerve

  • Somatic sensory: maxillary face, palate, nasal cavity, oral cavity
  • V3 Mandibular Nerve

  • Somatic sensory: mandibular face
  • Motor: muscles of mastication

Trigeminal Nerve Palsy

  • Abnormalities

  • Decreased facial sensation
  • Weak muscles of mastication
  • Increased / decreased jaw jerk
  • Loss of corneal reflex
  • Causes of Trigeminal Nerve Palsy

  • Trigeminal ganglion lesion - herpes zoster, tumour
  • Trigeminl (V) nerve lesion - trauma, tumour, ICA aneurysm, cavernous sinus thrombosis, SLE

Sensory Pathway

Cortical Centre
Primary sensory cortex (parietal lobe)
 
 
Sensory Nuclei
Midbrain, pons, medulla, upper cervical cord
Mesencephalic nucleus: proprioception of face, orbit, mastication, tongue
Main sensory nucleus: tactile sensation
Spinal nucleus: pain and temperature sensation
 
 
Trigeminal Ganglion
 
 
 
 
V1
Ophthalmic branch
Foramen
Superior orbital fissure
 
 
Receptors
Forehead, nose, cornea, conjunctiva
 
 
V2
Maxillary branch
Foramen
Foramen rotundum
 
 
Receptors
Maxillary face, nasal mucosa, upper jaw, roof of mouth
 
 
V3
Mandibular branch
Foramen
Foramen ovale
 
 
Receptors
Mandibular face, temple, external ear, lower mouth, anterior â…” of tongue

Motor Pathway

Cortical Centre
Primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
 
 
Trigeminal Motor Nucleus
Upper pons
 
Trigeminal Nerve
Mandibular branch (V3)
Foramen
Foramen ovale
 
 
Muscles
Masseter, temporalis, medial & lateral pterygoids
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