Overview
Hypokalaemia is a reduction in the serum potassium concentration, which can predispose to cardiac complications.
Look For
- Serum potassium <3.5mmol/L.
Aetiology
Causes of Hypokalaemia
- Inadequate intake
- GI loss - vomiting, high NG output, diarrhoea, fistula, laxative abuse
- Renal loss - Conns, Cushings, ectopic ACTH, loop diuretics, osmotic diuresis, corticosteroids, hypomagnesaemia, RTA
- Compartmental shift - alkalaemia, insulin, refeeding, beta agonists
Clinical Features
Signs and Symptoms
- Weakness
- Hypotonicity
- Depression
- Constipation
- Ileus
ECG Changes
- Increased PR interval
- ST depression
- Prominent U wave
- T wave inversion
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