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Conduction Disorders
 
 

Atrioventricular Block

February 15th, 2021
 
 
 
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Overview

Atrioventricular (AV) block occurs due to delayed conduction of an impulse between the atria or ventricles, due to intrinsic or extrinsic causes.
  • Causes of Atrioventricular Block

  • Intrinsic

  • Idiopathic degeneration
  • Myocardial infarction
  • Congenital - congenital heart disease, neonatal lupus
  • Infiltrative disease - sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, haemochromatosis
  • Cardiac procedures - valvular surgery, correction of congenital heart disease, catheter ablation
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Myocarditis
  • Extrinsic

  • Physiologic - sleep, athletes
  • Autonomic - carotid sinus massage, carotid sinus hypersensitivity
  • Drugs - beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin, adenosine, amiodarone
  • Hyperkalaemia
  • Hypothyroidism
Physiologic and autonomic causes of AV block tend to result in first degree or Mobitz I heart block, while pathologic causes tend to result in Mobitz II, advanced second degree or complete heart block.
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