Scoliosis
Look For
- Lateral curvature of the spine.
Plain x-rays can be used to confirm the clinical diagnosis of scoliosis, to identify a cause, and to grade the severity of scoliosis.
Causes of Scoliosis
- Congenital scoliosis
- Neuromuscular diseases - cerebral palsy, spinal muscular atrophy, muscular dystrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth, polio, childhood paraplegia / quadriplegia
- Connective tissue diseases - Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos, osteogenesis imperfecta
- Infection - osteomyelitis, tuberculosis
- Trauma
- Tumour
Example
![Scoliosis]()
Extra Cervical Rib
An extra cervical rib is a rare phenomenon where an extra rib arises from the C7 vertebra, usually bilaterally. This may be benign or cause vascular complications such as subclavian artery compression and thoracic outlet obstruction.
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