Overview
Bicarbonate (HCO₃) is one of the major alkali present in the blood, and plays a crucial role in acid-base balance.
Normal Range
- 22 - 26 mmol/L
Elevated HCO₃
An elevated bicarbonate level greater than 26 suggests the presence of a metabolic process - either primary (metabolic alkalosis) or secondary (compensation for respiratory acidosis).
Interpretation
- Elevated pH with elevated HCO₃ - suggests metabolic alkalosis
- Reduced pH with elevated HCO₃ and elevated PCO₂ - suggests metabolic compensation for chronic respiratory acidosis
- Normal pH with elevated HCO₃ and elevated PCO₂ - suggests mixed metabolic alkalosis-respiratory acidosis
Reduced HCO₃
A reduced bicarbonate level less than 22 suggests the presence of a metabolic process - either primary (metabolic acidosis) or secondary (compensation for respiratory alkalosis).
Interpretation
- Reduced pH with reduced HCO₃ - suggests metabolic acidosis
- Elevated pH with reduced HCO₃ and reduced PCO₂ - suggests metabolic compensation for chronic respiratory alkalosis
- Normal pH with reduced HCO₃ and reduced PCO₂ - suggests mixed metabolic acidosis-respiratory alkalosis
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