Proteinuria
Overview
- Urine does not normally contain protein, as the glomerular filter is too small to allow for filtration of protein.
- Protein found in the urine may be albumin or globulins. The dipstick protein test is sensitive for albumin, and less so for globulins.
Causes of Proteinuria
Glomerular - Primary
- Minimal change disease
- Membranous nephropathy
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Glomerular - Secondary
- Lupus nephritis
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Pre-eclampsia
- Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
- Amyloidosis
- Infections - HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, malaria
- Drugs - gold, NSAIDs, heroin, lithium
- Malignancy - lung, gastric, colorectal, leukaemia, lymphoma
Tubular
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis
- Fanconi syndrome
Overflow
- Multiple myeloma
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Heart failure
- Intense exercise
- Fever
Other
- Orthostatic proteinuria
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