Proteinuria
Overview
Urine does not normally contain protein, as the glomerular filter is too small to allow for filtration of protein.
Protein found in the urine may be albumin or globulins. The dipstick protein test is sensitive for albumin, and less so for globulins.
Causes of Proteinuria
Glomerular - Primary
- Minimal change disease
- Membranous nephropathy
- Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Glomerular - Secondary
- Lupus nephritis
- Diabetic Nephropathy
- Pre-eclampsia
- Post-infectious glomerulonephritis
- Amyloidosis
- Infections - HBV, HCV, HIV, syphilis, malaria
- Drugs - gold, NSAIDs, heroin, lithium
- Malignancy - lung, gastric, colorectal, leukaemia, lymphoma
Tubular
- Acute tubular necrosis
- Tubulointerstitial nephritis
- Fanconi syndrome
Overflow
- Multiple myeloma
- Rhabdomyolysis
- Heart failure
- Intense exercise
- Fever
Other
- Orthostatic proteinuria
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