Haematuria
September 19th, 2020
Overview
Urine does not normally contain red blood cells. Their presence suggests glomerulonephropathy, certain other renal conditions, or pathology of the urinary tract.
Types of Haematuria
- Macroscopic haematuria - urinary blood that is evident on inspection of the urine; more likely to represent a urinary tract cause
- Microscopic haematuria - urinary blood that is only visible using a microscope
Causes of Haematuria
Renal
- Congenital glomerulonephropathy - Alport's syndrome, Fabry's disease
- Primary glomerulonephritis - IgA nephropathy, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, Post-infective glomerulonephritis, FSGS, Goodpasture's syndrome, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
- Secondary glomerulonephritis - lupus nephritis, haemolytic-uraemic syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura, vasculitis
- Vascular - arteriovenous malformation, renal vein thrombosis, renal infarct
- Polycystic kidney disease
Urinary Tract
- Urinary tract infection - urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, prostatitis, tuberculosis
- Renal calculus
- Neoplasm - renal, bladder, prostate
- Inflammation - interstitial cystitis
- Haemorrhagic cystitis (cyclophosphamide)
- Trauma
Factitious
- Menstruation
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