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Test Findings
 
Test Findings
 

Cardiomegaly

October 21st, 2019
 
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Overview

  • Look For

  • The cardiac shadow accounting for more than 50% of the chest width.
Note that the cardiac shadow will be artificially widened on an AP film, and this should only be assessed on a PA film.
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    Overlay
    Cardiomegaly
     
  • Causes of Cardiomegaly

  • Dilated Cardiomyopathy

  • Familial dilated cardiomyopathy
  • Ischaemic heart disease
  • Infection - viral myocarditis, HIV, trypanosomiasis
  • Toxins - alcohol, cocaine, anthracyclines, trastuzumab
  • Connective tissue disease - scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy
  • Peripartum cardiomyopathy
  • Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

  • Physiologic - athletes, pregnancy
  • Hypertensive heart disease
  • Valvular disease - aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
  • Hypertrophic (obstructive) cardiomyopathy
  • Aortic coarctation
  • Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

  • Cor pulmonale - pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic lung disease, chronic pulmonary embolism
  • Valvular disease - tricuspid regurgitation, mitral stenosis
  • Congenital heart disease - atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot
  • Constrictive pericarditis
  • Other

  • Large pericardial effusion
  • Infiltrative disease - haemochromatosis, amyloidosis, sarcoidosis
  • Hyperdynamic state - anaemia, hyperthyroidism, obesity, AV fistula
  • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
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