Bradycardia
March 28th, 2020
Overview
Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute.
Causes of Bradycardia
Sinus Bradycardia
- Sinus node disease - idiopathic degeneration, myocardial infarction, infiltration, connective tissue disease, cardiac surgery, Lyme disease, endocarditis
- Physiological - high cardiac fitness
- Autonomic - neurocardiogenic syncope, carotid sinus hypersensitivity
- Drugs - beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin, adenosine, ivabradine, clonidine, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypothermia
- Hyperkalaemia
- Obstructive sleep apnoea
- Raised intracranial pressure
Other Rhythms
- Sinus node - sinus arrhythmia, sinus arrest, second or third degree sinoatrial exit block
- Atrial - atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response, atrial flutter with variable block, trial escape rhythm
- AV node - second or third degree atrioventricular block, junctional escape rhythm
- Ventricular escape rhythm
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