Overview
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- Diagnosis - when diagnosed, sleep study results
- Severity - symptoms, impact on function
- Management - weight loss, CPAP, surgery
- Complications - cardiovascular disease, pulmonary hypertension, depression
Risk Factors for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
- Obesity
- Male gender
- Craniofacial abnormalities - retrognathia
- Upper airway narrowing - enlarged tonsils, macroglossia, narrow nasal cavity
- Alcohol excess
- Smoking
Severity
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- Symptoms - snoring, apnoeas, excessive daytime somnolence, poor concentration
- Impact on functional status
- Motor vehicle accidents
- Sleep study result - apnoea-hypopnoea index
Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
Based on the apnoea-hypopnoea index on sleep study- Mild: 5-15
- Moderate: 15-30
- Severe: >30
Complications
Complications of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
- Hypertension
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Cerebrovascular disease
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Atrial fibrillation
- Depression
Management
Management Options
- Weight loss
- Treatment of upper airway obstruction - mandible advancement splints, surgical correction
- Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) at night
- Smoking cessation
- Alcohol reduction
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