Overview
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- Diagnosis - when diagnosed, primary / secondary, lipid results
- Management - lifestyle changes, medications
- Complications - atherosclerotic complications, NAFLD
Causes of Hyperlipidaemia
Primary
- Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency
- Familial hypercholestolaemia
- Familial combined hyperlipidaemia
- Familial dysbetalipoproteinaemia
- Familial hypertriglyceridaemia
Secondary: Predominantly LDL
- Hypothyroidism
- Cholestatic liver disease
- Nephrotic syndrome
Secondary: Predominantly TAGs
- Obesity
- Diabetes
- Alcohol abuse
- Chronic kidney disease
- Drugs - corticosteroids, antipsychotics, immunosuppressants, protease inhibitors, oral contraceptive pill, hormone replacement therapy
- Pregnancy
Complications
Complications of Hyperlipidaemia
Atherosclerosis
- Ischaemic heart disease
- Ischaemic stroke
- Erectile dysfunction
- Peripheral vascular disease
Other
- Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Management
Heart Foundation Lipid Targets
- Total cholesterol: <4.0
- LDL cholesterol: <2.0 (<1.8 if very high risk)
- HDL cholesterol: >1.0
- Triglycerides: <2.0
Management Options
Non-Pharmacologic
- Dietary changes
- Fish oil supplementation
- Exercise
- Alcohol avoidance
- Smoking cessation
Pharmacologic
- Statins - atorvastatin, pravastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin
- Fibrates - fenofibrate, gemfibrozil
- Ezetimibe
- PCSK-9 inhibitors - alirocumab
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