Segmental syndrome - sensory loss and upper motor neuron weakness below the affected level, with bladder and bowel dysfunctionComplete transection of the cord

Central cord syndrome - bilateral upper motor neuron weakness affecting the upper limbs more than the lower limbs, and loss of proprioception and vibration sensation (dorsal column)Commonly due to trauma or hyperextension of the cervical spine

Ventral cord syndrome - upper motor neuron weakness and loss of pain and temperature sensation (spinothalamic tract), with preservation of proprioception and vibration sensation (dorsal column)Anterior compression of the spinal cord, or anterior spinal artery pathology

Dorsal cord syndrome - loss of proprioception and vibration sensation (dorsal column), with preservation of motor function (corticospinal tract) and pain and temperature sensation (spinothalamic tract)Posterior compression of the spinal cord, or posterior spinal artery pathology

Brown-Sequard syndrome - ipsilateral upper motor neuron weakness and loss of proprioception and vibration (dorsal column), with contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation (spinothalamic tract)Hemitransection of the cord

Conus medullaris syndrome - distal upper and lower motor neuron weakness, with perineal loss of sensation (saddle anaesthesia), urinary retention and faecal incontinence