Sign up to start your free trial of MedSchool Premium!Get Started
 
Spinal Exam
 

Thoracolumbar Extension

 
 
Bookmark

Overview

    • How to Assess

    • Ask the patient to lean backward.

    • Muscles Involved

    • Erector spinae, latissimus dorsi.

    • Normal Range of Motion

    • 30°

    • Myotome

    • C1 / C2
Last updated on January 1st, 2017
 
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 

Read More...

 Chakraverty R, Pynsent P, Isaacs K. Which spinal levels are identified by palpation of the iliac crests and the posterior superior iliac spines? J Anat. 2007;210:232-236. Christodoulides AN. Ipsilateral sciatica on femoral nerve stretch test is pathognomonic of an L4/5 disc protrusion. The Journal of bone and joint surgery.British volume. 1989;71:88. Devereaux MW. Anatomy and Examination of the Spine. Neurol Clin. 2007; 25: 331-351. Dreischarf M, Albiol L, Rohlmann A, et al. Age-related loss of lumbar spinal lordosis and mobility--a study of 323 asymptomatic volunteers. PloS one. 2014;9:e116186. Epstein NL. Benztropine for Acute Muscle Spasm in the Emergency Department. CMAJ. 2001 Jan; 164(2): 203-204. Fon GT, Pitt MJ, Thies AC, Jr. Thoracic kyphosis: range in normal subjects. American Journal of Roentgenology 1980; 134 (5): 979–983. Glasziou PP, Purdie J, Yelland MJ. The Interobserver Reliability of the Thoracic Spinal Examination. Australiasian Musculoskeletal Medicine. 2002 May; 7(1): 16-22.
Ibrahim SI, Lo S, Tay SY. Loss of Cervical Lordosis and Foreign Body Ingestion. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. 2011;145:P152-P152.
 Katzman WB, Wanek L, Shepherd JA, Sellmeyer DE. Age-related hyperkyphosis: its causes, consequences, and management. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010;40:352.
Kim H, Scheer J, Lafage V, et al. Cervical Lordosis Increases with Age in Adult Spinal Deformity: A Cross-Sectional Study of Nonoperative Patients. Global Spine Journal. 2015;5.
 Kim HJ, Lenke LG, Oshima Y, et al. Cervical Lordosis Actually Increases With Aging and Progressive Degeneration in Spinal Deformity Patients. Spine Deformity. 2014;2:410-414.
Kostuik JP. Flat back deformity with loss of lumbar lordosis. Current Opinion in Orthopaedics. 1998;9:25-38.
 Ohry A. Dr Jacob Mackiewicz (1887-1966) and his sign. J Med Biogr. 2007;15:102. Perriman DM, Scarvell JM, Hughes AR, Lueck CJ, Dear KBG, Smith PN. Thoracic Hyperkyphosis: A Survey of Australian Physiotherapists. Physiotherapy Research International. 2012;17:167-178. Pool JJ, Hoving JL, De Vet HC, Van Mameren H, Bouter LM. The interexaminer reproducibility of physical examination of the cervical spine. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics. 2004 Feb; 27(2): 84-90. Sparrey CJ, Bailey JF, Safaee M, et al. Etiology of lumbar lordosis and its pathophysiology: a review of the evolution of lumbar lordosis, and the mechanics and biology of lumbar degeneration. Neurosurgical focus. 2014;36:E1.
Feedback