Overview
Look For
- The amount of antero-posterior curvature of the thoracic spine. Especially pronounced if the patient leans forward.
Thoracic Hyperkyphosis
Look For
- Marked rounding of the thoracic spine.
Significance
- The thoracic spine is normally kyphosed, though hyperkyphosis (>40°) may result in pain, respiratory compromise and increased fracture risk.
Causes of Thoracic Hyperkyphosis
- Age-related - osteoporosis, disc degeneration
- Vertebral fracture
- Scheuerman's disease (adolescent kyphosis)
- Congenital abnormalities
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