Repetition of Simple Sounds

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Overview

Repetition of simple sounds is useful for identifying weakness of the muscles involved in articulation
- How to Assess
  Ask the patient to repeat back single syllable sounds:
- Pa pa paLip muscles
- Ta ta taTongue muscles
- Ka ka kaPalatal muscles
- Ba ba baVocal cords
- Aye-eyeSlow repetition suggests a cerebellar lesion

Last updated on November 5th, 2019

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http://www.rch.org.au/clinicalguide/guideline_index/Mental_State_Examination/

Kipps CM, Hodges JR. Cognitive assessment for clinicians.

Nasreddine Z, Phillips NA, Bedirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, Cummings JL, Chertkow H. The Montral Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: A Brief Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2005 Apr; 53(4): 695-699. Rubin DC, Hoyle RH, Leary MR. Differential Predictability of Four Dimensions of Affect Intensity. Cogn Emot. 2012; 26(1): 25-41. Sessler CN, Gosnell MS, Grap MJ, et al. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: Validity and Reliability in Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2002;166:1338-1344. Silverberg NB, Ryan LM, Carillo MC, Sperling R, Peterson RC et al. Assessment of Cognition in Early Dementia. The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association. 2001 May; 7(3): e60-e76. Zun L, Howes DS. The Mental Status Examination: Applications in the Emergency Department. American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 1988 Mar; 6(2): 165-172.

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Flaccid Dysarthria

Spastic Dysarthria

Ataxic Dysarthria

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Receptive Dysphasia

Expressive Dysphasia

Conductive Dysphasia

Anomic Dysphasia

Facial Inspection

Orientation

Voice Quality

Fluency of Speech

Grammar