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  • Life-Threatening Injuries

    Head injury, raised ICP, airway obstruction

  • Scalp

    Lacerations, haematomas

  • Skull

    Depressed fracture, signs of base of skull fracture

  • Face

    Deformity, lacerations, swelling, bruising

  • Oral Cavity

    Bleeding, avulsed teeth, jaw alignment & mobility

  • Eyes

    Orbits, pupils, visual acuity, eye movement

  • Nose

    Septal haematoma, epistaxis, CSF leak

  • Ears

    Haemotympanum, CSF leak

Neck

  • Inspect

    Deformity, bruising, lacerations

  • Cervical Spine

    Immobilise until radiologically cleared

    Tenderness to palpation

  • Palpate

    Tracheal deviation, crepitus

Chest

  • Life-Threatening Injuries

    Open chest wound, tension PTX, massive haemopneumothorax, cardiac tamponade

  • Inspection

    Bruising, symmetry, flail chest

  • Palpation

    Chest wall tenderness, crepitus

  • Auscultation

    Air entry, heart sounds

Abdomen

  • Inspection

    Bruising, distension, wounds

  • Palpation

    Tenderness, guarding, mass

  • Auscultation

    Bowel Sounds

  • FAST Scan

    Morrison's pouch, splenorenal recess, pericardium, pouch of Douglas

  • Nasogastric Tube

    Contraindicated if base of skull fracture

    Empty stomach contents, look for blood

Pelvis

  • Life-Threatening Injuries

    Pelvic fracture, urethral injury

  • Inspection

    Deformity, urethral blood, priapism

  • Pelvic Springing

    Laterally and anterior-posteriorly

  • Digital Rectal Examination

    Blood, pelvic fracture, prostate position, anal tone

  • Per Vaginal Examination

    Pelvic fracture, vaginal bleeding

  • Urethral Catheter Insertion

    Contraindicated if urethral trauma suspected

    Monitor urine output

Back

  • Deformity

    Obvious fracture / dislocation

  • Bruising

    Grey-Turner's Sign

  • Tenderness

    Spinal / paraspinal / ribs

Arms

  • Life-Threatening Injuries

    Amputation, vascular injury, humeral fracture, severe crush injury

  • Colour

    Pallor, cyanosis

  • Swelling

    Over muscles, bones or joints

  • Deformity

    Obvious fracture / dislocation

  • Capillary Refill

    Compress the nail, normal if refill in <2 seconds

  • Tenderness

    Elicit subjective pain on palpation

  • Joint Movement

    Pain, crepitus, limited ROM

Legs

  • Life-Threatening Injuries

    Amputation, vascular injury, long bone fracture, severe crush injury

  • Skin Colour

    Pallor, cyanosis

  • Swelling

    Over muscles, bones or joints

  • Deformity

    Obvious fracture / dislocation

  • Joint Movement

    Pain, crepitus, limited ROM

  • Peripheral Pulses

    Femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

Neurological Assessment

  • Conscious State

    Glasgow coma scale

  • Eyes

    Pupils, acuity, eye movement

  • Facial Movement

    Raise eyebrows, close eyes, show teeth, puff cheeks

  • Tongue

    Deviation on protrusion of tongue

  • Motor Assessment

    Tone, power, reflexes

  • Sensory Assessment

    Tactile, pain, vibration, proprioception