MedSchool > Exam > Renal
Login or Register to unlock everything MedSchool has to offer!
The Patient
The Hands
The Arms
The Face
The Neck
The Chest
The Back
The Abdomen
The Legs
 
 
 
Read More...
Asif A, Leon C, Orozco-Vargas LC, et al. Accuracy of Physical Examination in the Detection of Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis. Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2007;2:1191-1194. Pubmed
Aydin M, Harvey-Woodworth CN. Halitosis: a new definition and classification. British dental journal. 2014;217:E1-E1. Pubmed
Azad K, Hajirnis K, Sawant S, Sabnis V. Kyrle's disease. Indian dermatology online journal. 2013;4:378. Pubmed
Ballas M. Bleeding and bruising: a diagnostic work-up. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:1117. Pubmed
Barkun AN, Camus M, Green L, Meagher T, Coupal L, De Stempel J, Grover SA. The Bedside Assessment of Splenic Enlargement. The American Journal of Medicine. 1991 Nov; 91: 512-518. Link
Barron M. Importance of Hepatomegaly and Splenomegaly in Differential Diagnosis. Arch Intern Med (Chic). 1932; 50(2): 240-256. Link
Beathard GA. Physical examination of the dialysis vascular access. Semin Dial. 1998; 11:231. Link
Bernhard JD, Yosipovitch G. Chronic pruritis. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2013;368:1625. Pubmed
Blackard EH. Pulse Characteristics of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and of the Femoral Artery Distal to It. Circulation. 1958 Dec; 18: 1135-1138. Link
Bohadana A. Fundamentals of Lung Auscultation. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2014 May; 370(21): 2053. Link
Byrne C, Cove-Smith A. Clinical assessment of renal disease. Medicine (United Kingdom). 2015;43:361-367. Pubmed
Cabot RC. The Causes of Ascites: A Study of Five Thousand Cases. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 1912 Jan; 143(1): 1-14. Link
Callender VD, St Surin-Lord S, Davis EC, Maclin M. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation. American Journal of Clinical Dermatology. 2011;12:87. Pubmed
Carmant L. Assessing ketosis: Approaches and pitfalls. Epilepsia. 2008;49:20-22. Pubmed
Cartwright MM, Hajja W, Al-Khatib S, et al. Toxigenic and metabolic causes of ketosis and ketoacidotic syndromes. Critical care clinics. 2012;28:601-631. Pubmed
Cestari TF, Dantas LP, Boza JC. Acquired hyperpigmentations. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia. 2014;89:11-25. Pubmed
Challenger F, Walshe JM. Foetor hepaticus. Lancet. 1955;268:1239.2007;13:71-76. Pubmed
Choi P, Nemati E, Banerjee A, Preston E, Levy J, Brown E. Peritoneal dialysis catheter removal for acute peritonitis: a retrospective analysis of factors associated with catheter removal and prolonged postoperative hospitalization. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2004;43:103. Pubmed
Choong S, Emberton M. Acute urinary retention. BJU International. 2000;85:186-201. Pubmed
Chua Chiaco JM, Parikh NI, Fergusson DJ. The Jugular Venous Pressure Revisited. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine. 2013 Oct; 80(10): 638-644. Link
Crighton Bramwell, The Arterial Pulse in Heath and Disease, The Lancet, Volume 230, Issue 5944, 31 July 1937 Link
Davies S, Spanel P, Smith D. Quantitative analysis of ammonia on the breath of patients in end-stage renal failure. Kidney International. 1997;52:223-228. Pubmed
Dhaun N, Kluth D. Clinical assessment of renal disease. Medicine. 2011;39:299-305. Pubmed
Dorrington KL. Skin Turgor: Do We Understand the Clinical Sign? Lancet. 1981 Jan; 317(8214): 264-266. Link
Douglas VC, Josephson SA. Delirium. Continuum: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2010 April; 16(2): 120-134. Link
Eipper DF, Gifford RW, Stewart BH, Alfidi RJ, McCormack LJ, Vidt DG. Abdominal Bruits in Renovascular Hypertension. The American Journal of Cardiology. 1976 Jan; 37: 48-52. Link
Fokou M, Teyang A, Ashuntantang G, et al. Complications of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis: an 8-year study. Annals of vascular surgery. 2012;26:680. Pubmed
Fostini AC, Girolomoni G, Tessari G. Prurigo nodularis: an update on etiopathogenesis and therapy. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2013;24:458-462. Pubmed
Franks AG. Skin Manifestations of Internal Disease. Medical Clinics of North America. 2009;93:1265-1282. Pubmed
Gokdogan O, Catli T, Ileri F. Halitosis in otorhinolaryngology practice. Iranian journal of otorhinolaryngology. 2015;27:145-153. Pubmed
Guevara M, Sanchez-Fueyo A, Rodes J. Ascites. Medicine. 2002; 30(12): 73-74. Link
Gupta K, Dhawan A, Abel C, Talley N, Attia J. A Re-evaluation of the scratch test for locating the liver edge. BMC Gastroenterology. 2013; 13: 35. Link
Hall GW, Hann IM. Investigating Splenomegaly. Current Paediatrics. 1998; 8: 220-224. Link
Henker R, Kramer D, Rogers S. Fever. AACN Clin Issues. 1997;8:351-367. Pubmed
Hillman K. Respiratory rate: the neglected vital sign. Medical journal of Australia. 2008; 188(11): 657. Link
Hillman, K (2008). Respiratory rate: the neglected vital sign. Medical journal of Australia (0025-729X), 188 (11), p. 657. Link
Howard RS. Coma and Stupor. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 2008; 90: 57-78. Link
Howard SR, Siegfried EC. A case of leukonychia. The Journal of pediatrics. 2013;163:914-915. Pubmed
Huang C. ED presentations of acute renal infarction. Am J Emerg Med. 2007;25:164-169. Pubmed
Jacoby E, Barzilai A, Laufer J, et al. Neonatal Hyperpigmentation: Diagnosis of Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency with a Novel Mutation in the Melanocortin‐2 Receptor Gene. Pediatric Dermatology. 2014;31:e13-e17. Pubmed
Kavouras SA. Assessing Hydration Status. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care. 2002 Sept; 5(5): 519-524. Link
Kennedy C, McCarthy C, Alken S, et al. Pleuroperitoneal leak complicating peritoneal dialysis: a case series. International journal of nephrology. 2011;2011:526753-4. Pubmed
Kingery FA. Xanthelasma: Curbstone Recognition of Dyslipidosis. JAMA. 1965; 193(6): 439. Link
Kinsella G, MacNab R. Clinical assessment of renal patients. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine. 2012;13:325-327. Pubmed
Kumar V, Aggarwal S, Sharma A, Sharma V. Nailing the diagnosis: koilonychia. The Permanente journal. 2012;16:65-65. Pubmed
Kuypers DR. Skin problems in chronic kidney disease. Nature Clinical Practice Nephrology. 2009;5:157-170. Pubmed
Leung AK, Chan KW. Evaluating the child with purpura. American family physician. 2001;64:419. Pubmed
Lewin J, Maconochie I. Capillary Refill Time in Adults. Emerg Med J. 2008; 25: 325-326. Link
Ludbrook J, Clarke AM, McKenzie JK. Significance of Absent Ankle Pulse. British Medical Journal. 1962; 1(5294): 1724-1725. Link
Mak V, Melchor R, Spiro S. Easy bruising as a side-effect of inhaled corticosteroids. European Respiratory Journal. 1992;5:1068. Pubmed
MArx HT, Yu PN. Clinical examination of the arterial pulse. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 1967 Nov; 10(3): 207-235. Link
McKnight JT, Adcock BB. Paresthesias: a practical diagnostic approach. Am Fam Physician. 1997;56:2253. Pubmed
Meidl EJ, Ende J. Evaluation of liver size by physical examination. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 1993 Nov; 8(11): 635-637. Link
Minford AMB, Richards EM. Excluding medical and haematological conditions as a cause of bruising in suspected non-accidental injury. Archives of disease in childhood. Education and practice edition. 2010;95:2-8. Link
Mittal T, Kumar V, Khullar R, et al. Diagnosis and management of Spigelian hernia: A review of literature and our experience. Journal of Minimal Access Surgery. 2009;4. Pubmed
Mortimer PS. Levick JR. Chronic Peripheral Oedema: the Critical Role of the Lymphatic System. Clinical Medicine. 2004; 4(5): 448-453. Link
Moses WR. Shifting Dullness in the Abdomen. Southern Medical Journal. 1946; 39(12): 985. Link
Murphy RL. Auscultation of the Lung: Past Lessons, Future Possibilities. Thorax. 1981; 36: 99-107. Link
Musa-Veloso K, Likhodii SS, Cunnane SC. Breath acetone is a reliable indicator of ketosis in adults consuming ketogenic meals. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2002;76:65. Pubmed
Naylor C. Physical Examination of the Liver. JAMA. 1994; 271(23): 1859-1865. Link
Országh J, Kódlová E. Cesk. Asterixis as a nonspecific sign of respiratory encephalopathy. Neurol Neurochir. 1977 Sep;40(5):354-5. Link
Pal G, Lin MM, Laureno R. Asterixis: a study of 103 patients. Metabolic Brain Disease. 2014;29:813-824. Pubmed
Patel LM, Lambert WC, Lambert PJ, Gagna CE, Maghari A. Cutaneous signs of systemic disease. Clinics in Dermatology. 2011;29:511-522. Pubmed
Poncelet AN. An algorithm for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy. Am Fam Physician. 1998; 57: 755. Link
Rodríguez-García PL, Rodríguez-Pupo L, Rodríguez-García D. Clinical techniques for use in neurological physical examinations. I. General organisation, cranial and peripheral spinal nerves. Rev Neurol. 2004 Oct; 39(8): 757-66. Link
Sahoo AK, Rauta S. Kyrle's Disease: A Rare Skin Manifestation of Systemic Diseases. Journal of Medicine. 2014;15:144. Pubmed
Söder B, Johansson B, Söder PO. The relation between foetor ex ore, oral hygiene and periodontal disease. Swedish dental journal. 2000;24:73. Pubmed
Schroth BE. Evaluation and Management of Peripheral Oedema. JAAPA. 2005 Nov; 18(11): 29-34. Link
Schumaker HB. The Diagnosis of Coarctation of the Aorta with Particular Reference to the Importance of Absent or Diminished Abdominal Aortic Pulsation. Annals of Surgery. 1952 Jan; 135(1): 111-113. Link
Seo AY, Kim N, Oh DH. Abdominal Bloating: Pathophysiology and Treatment. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2013 Oct; 19(4): 433-453, Link
Singh G. Nails in systemic disease. Indian journal of dermatology, venereology and leprology. 2011;77:646-651. Pubmed
Smith MD, Seth JH, Fowler CJ, Miller RF, Panicker JN. Urinary retention for the neurologist. Practical neurology. 2013;13:288. Pubmed
Sousa CN, Apóstolo JL, Figueiredo MH, Martins MM, Dias VF. Physical examination: How to examine the arm with arteriovenous fistula. Hemodialysis International. 2013;17:300-306. Pubmed
Specchio F, Carboni I, Chimenti S, Tamburi F, Nistico' S. Cutaneous manifestations in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology. 2014;27:1. Pubmed
Speeckaert R, Van Gele M, Speeckaert MM, Lambert J, Geel N. The biology of hyperpigmentation syndromes. Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research. 2014;27:512-524. Pubmed
Taguchi Y, Takashima S, Tanaka K. Koilonychia in a patient with subacute iron-deficiency anemia. Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 2013;52:2379. Pubmed
Tangerman A, Meuwese-Arends M, Jansen JMJ. Foetor hepaticus. The Lancet. 1994;343:1569-1569. Pubmed
Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of Coma and Impaired Consciousness: a practical scale. Lancet. 1974 July; 304(7872): 81-84. Link
Vora A, Makris M. An approach to investigation of easy bruising. Archives of Disease in Childhood. 2001;84:488-491. Pubmed
Weinberg AD. Hypothermia. Ann Emerg Med. 1993;22:370-377. Pubmed
Willison HJ, Winer JB. Clinical evaluation and investigation of neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr. 2003;74 Suppl 2:ii3-8. Link
Young RR, Shahani BT. Asterixis: one type of negative myoclonus. Adv Neurol 1986; 43: 137-156. Link
Zalewska A, Zatoński M, Jabłonka-Strom A, Paradowska A, Kawala B, Litwin A. Halitosis--a common medical and social problem. A review on pathology, diagnosis and treatment. Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica. 2012;75:300. Link
Feedback