Alertness
Settled, unsettled, lethargic, asleep
Colour
Jaundice, plethora, cyanosis
Work of Breathing
Resp rate, nasal flaring, tracheal tug, recession
Skin
Texture, rashes, naevi, haemangioma
Head Circumference
Compare with circumference at birth
Head Shape / Molding
Symmetry, length, height
Face
Symmetry, palsy, macrosomia, facies
Scalp
Caput, cephalhaematoma, lacerations
Fontanelles
Soft, non-bulging, non-sunken
Sutures
Mobile
Ears
Position, size, shape, pits, tags
Eyes
Distance apart, red reflexes, sclera
Nose
Symmetry, nares
Mouth and Palate
Cleft / high arched palate, cysts, tongue tie
Jaw
Size, symmetry
Inspect
Shape, symmetry
Palpate
Lumps, swellings, excess skin folds
Range of Motion
Can move head to either side
Clavicles
Fractures
Hands
No. and structure of fingers, simian crease
Brachial Pulses
Antecubital fossa, slightly medial + proximal
Inspect
Size, shape, symmetry, nipples
Palpate
Apex beat, glandular breast tissue
Lung Fields
Clear, nil added sounds, good air entry
Heart Sounds
Dual, no added sounds, no murmurs
Inspect
Distension, umbilicus / cord
Palpate
Softness, masses
Major Organs
Liver, spleen, kidneys, bladder
Auscultate
Bowel sounds
Inspect
Herniae, genitalia
Femoral Pulses
Present bilaterally, strong
Testes / Penis
Descended / descendable testes, hypospadias
Female Genitalia
Clitoris, labia, discharge
Anus
Position, patency, fistula
Inspect
Posture (esp. breech babies), symmetry, asymmetrical skin creases
Ortolani
Stabilise pelvis, flex and abduct both hips
Barlow
Flexed & adducted, posterior force to each hip
Leg Length
Equal
Feet
Position, number of toes
Spine
Symmetry, scoliosis / masses, hair tuft
Lower Back
Sacral dimpling / sinus tracts, Mongolian spot
Movement
Moving all four limbs
Tone
Passive / active
Cry
High pitched or hoarse
Suck Reflex
Gloved finger in mouth
Rooting Reflex
Touch on either side of mouth
Grasp Reflex
Touch palm
Moro Reflex
Warn the parents prior to performing this test
Support neck in upright position, suddenly change to supine