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The Patient

  • Alertness

    Settled, unsettled, lethargic, asleep

  • Colour

    Jaundice, plethora, cyanosis

  • Work of Breathing

    Resp rate, nasal flaring, tracheal tug, recession

  • Skin

    Texture, rashes, naevi, haemangioma

The Head

  • Head Circumference

    Compare with circumference at birth

  • Head Shape / Molding

    Symmetry, length, height

  • Face

    Symmetry, palsy, macrosomia, facies

  • Scalp

    Caput, cephalhaematoma, lacerations

  • Fontanelles

    Soft, non-bulging, non-sunken

  • Sutures

    Mobile

  • Ears

    Position, size, shape, pits, tags

  • Eyes

    Distance apart, red reflexes, sclera

  • Nose

    Symmetry, nares

  • Mouth and Palate

    Cleft / high arched palate, cysts, tongue tie

  • Jaw

    Size, symmetry

The Neck

  • Inspect

    Shape, symmetry

  • Palpate

    Lumps, swellings, excess skin folds

  • Range of Motion

    Can move head to either side

  • Clavicles

    Fractures

The Arms

  • Hands

    No. and structure of fingers, simian crease

  • Brachial Pulses

    Antecubital fossa, slightly medial + proximal

The Chest

  • Inspect

    Size, shape, symmetry, nipples

  • Palpate

    Apex beat, glandular breast tissue

  • Lung Fields

    Clear, nil added sounds, good air entry

  • Heart Sounds

    Dual, no added sounds, no murmurs

The Abdomen

  • Inspect

    Distension, umbilicus / cord

  • Palpate

    Softness, masses

  • Major Organs

    Liver, spleen, kidneys, bladder

  • Auscultate

    Bowel sounds

The Groin

  • Inspect

    Herniae, genitalia

  • Femoral Pulses

    Present bilaterally, strong

  • Testes / Penis

    Descended / descendable testes, hypospadias

  • Female Genitalia

    Clitoris, labia, discharge

  • Anus

    Position, patency, fistula

The Hips

  • Inspect

    Posture (esp. breech babies), symmetry, asymmetrical skin creases

  • Ortolani

    Stabilise pelvis, flex and abduct both hips

  • Barlow

    Flexed & adducted, posterior force to each hip

The Legs

  • Leg Length

    Equal

  • Feet

    Position, number of toes

The Back

  • Spine

    Symmetry, scoliosis / masses, hair tuft

  • Lower Back

    Sacral dimpling / sinus tracts, Mongolian spot

Neurological

  • Movement

    Moving all four limbs

  • Tone

    Passive / active

  • Cry

    High pitched or hoarse

  • Suck Reflex

    Gloved finger in mouth

  • Rooting Reflex

    Touch on either side of mouth

  • Grasp Reflex

    Touch palm

  • Moro Reflex

    Warn the parents prior to performing this test

    Support neck in upright position, suddenly change to supine

Snapshot: Initialising...