The Ankle Exam
Examination of the ankles and feet is performed to identify and localise pathology affecting the bones, joints or soft tissues associated with the ankle.
Swelling
Over muscles, bones or joints
Foot Posture
Foot arch, angle of heel, foot position, symmetry
Foot Arch
Pes planus, pes cavus
Angle of the Heel
Neutral, inverted or everted
Foot Position
Intoeing / outtoeing
Skin Changes
Rashes, scars, erythema, callosities
Muscles
Wasting, spasm, fasciculations
Toes
Deformities, hallux valgus, nail changes
Gait
Cadence, rhythm, symmetry