- Diagnosis
- History
- Examination
- Investigations
- History
- Management
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Drug Encyclopaedia
Drug Encyclopaedia
#
A
- Abacavir (ABC)
- Abatacept
- Abciximab
- Abiraterone
- Aciclovir
- Aclidinium
- Aclidinium / Formoterol
- Actinomycin D / Dactinomycin
- Adalimumab
- Adenosine
- Adexanet Alfa
- Adrenaline / Epinephrine 1:1,000
- Adrenaline / Epinephrine 1:10,000
- Afatinib
- Alectinib
- Alemtuzumab
- Alendronate
- Allopurinol
- Alogliptin
- Alprazolam
- Alteplase
- Amantadine
- Amikacin
- Amiodarone
- Amisulpride
- Amitriptyline
- Amlodipine
- Amoxicillin
- Amoxycillin-Clavulanate
- Amphotericin B
- Amphotericin B Lipid Complex
- Ampicillin
- Anakinra
- Anastrozole
- Anidulafungin
- Anti-Thymocyte Globulin
- Antithrombin-III
- Apheresis Cryoprecipitate
- Apheresis Plasma
- Apheresis Platelets
- Apixaban
- Apremilast
- Aripiprazole
- Artemether + Lumefantrine
- Artesunate
- Aspart + Isophane Insulin
- Aspirin
- Aspirin + Dipyridamole
- Atazanavir
- Atenolol
- Atezolizumab
- Atorvastatin
- Atovaquone + Proguanil
- Atracurium
- Atropine
- Avelumab
- Azathioprine
- Azithromycin
B
C
- Calcitriol
- Calcium Carbonate
- Calcium Polystyrene Sulfonate
- Canakinumab
- Candesartan
- Capecitabine
- Captopril
- Carbamazepine
- Carbimazole
- Carboplatin
- Carvedilol
- Caspofungin
- Cefepime
- Cefotaxime
- Cefoxitin
- Ceftazidime
- Ceftriaxone
- Cefuroxime
- Celecoxib
- Cephalexin
- Cephazolin
- Ceritinib
- Certolizumab
- Cetirizine
- Cetuximab
- Chloroquine
- Chlorpromazine
- Cholecalciferol
- Ciclesonide
- Cidofovir
- Ciprofloxacin
- Cisatracurium
- Cisplatin
- Citalopram
- Cladribine
- Clarithromycin
- Clindamycin
- Clomiphene Citrate
- Clonazepam
- Clopidogrel
- Clopidogrel + Aspirin
- Clozapine
- CMV Seronegative Platelets
- CMV Seronegative Red Cells
- Codeine
- Colchicine
- Compound Sodium Lactate (Hartmanns)
- Crizotinib
- Cyclizine Hydrochloride
- Cyclizine Lactate
- Cyclophosphamide
- Cyclosporin
- Cyproterone
- Cytarabine / Cytosine Arabinoside
D
- Dabigatran
- Dabrafenib
- Dabrafenib + Trametinib
- Dacarbazine
- Dalteparin
- Dapagliflozin
- Dapsone
- Dasatinib
- Daunorubicin
- Denosumab
- Desferrioxamine
- Desflurane
- Desvenlafaxine
- Dexamethasone
- Diazepam
- Diclofenac
- Dicloxacillin
- Digoxin
- Diltiazem
- Dipyridamole
- Docetaxel
- Docusate Sodium
- Dolutegravir
- Domperidone
- Donepezil
- Donor Secretor Plasma
- Doxepin
- Doxorubicin
- Doxycycline
- Doxylamine
- Droperidol
- Duloxetine
- Durvalumab
E
- Eculizumab
- Efavirenz
- Eletriptan
- Empagliflozin
- Emtricitabine (FTC)
- Enalapril
- Enoxaparin
- Entecavir (ETV)
- Enzalutamide
- Epirubicin
- Eptifibatide
- Ergometrine
- Ergometrine + Oxytocin
- Erlotinib
- Erythromycin
- Escitalopram
- Esomeprazole
- Etanercept
- Ethambutol
- Ethanol 10%
- Ethinyloestradiol + Cyproterone
- Ethinyloestradiol + Drospirenone
- Ethinyloestradiol + Etonogestrel
- Ethinyloestradiol + Levonorgestrel
- Ethosuxamide
- Etonogestrel
- Etoposide
- Everolimus
- Exemestane
- Exenatide
- Ezetimibe
F
- Factor IX
- Factor VIII + Von Willebrand Factor
- Famciclovir
- Febuxostat
- Fenofibrate
- Fentanyl
- Fexofenadine
- Fingolimod
- Flecainide
- Flucloxacillin
- Fluconazole
- Fludarabine
- Fludrocortisone
- Flumazenil
- Flunitrazepam
- Fluoxetine
- Flupenthixol
- Flutamide
- Fluticasone
- Fluticasone / Formoterol
- Fluticasone / Salmeterol
- Fluticasone / Umeclidinium / Vilanterol
- Fluticasone / Vilanterol
- Fluvoxamine
- Fomepizole
- Fondaparinux
- Formoterol
- Foscarnet
- Frusemide
- Fulvestrant
G
H
I
- Ibuprofen
- Idarucizumab
- Ifosfamide
- IgA-Deficient Plasma
- Imatinib
- Indacaterol
- Indacaterol / Glycopyrronium
- Indapamide
- Indomethacin
- Infliximab
- Insulin Aspart
- Insulin Detemir
- Insulin Glargine
- Insulin Lispro
- Interferon Beta-1a
- Interferon Beta-1b
- Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg)
- Intravenous Potassium Chloride
- Ipilimumab
- Ipratropium Bromide
- Irbesartan
- Irinotecan
- Irradiated Platelets
- Irradiated Red Cells
- Isoflurane
- Isoniazid
- Isophane Insulin
- Isosorbide Dinitrate
- Isosorbide Mononitrate (ISMN)
- Itraconazole
K
L
- Labetalol
- Lactulose
- Lamivudine (3TC)
- Leflunomide
- Lercanidipine
- Letrozole
- Leucodepleted Red Cells
- Leuprorelin / Leuprorelide
- Levetiracetam
- Levodopa + Benserazide
- Levodopa + Carbidopa
- Levonorgestrel
- Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraceptive
- Levonorgestrel Intra-Uterine Device
- Lidocaine / Lignocaine / Xylocaine
- Lignocaine
- Linagliptin
- Lincomycin
- Linezolid
- Liposomal Amphotericin B
- Liraglutide
- Lisinopril
- Lispro + Isophane Insulin
- Lithium Carbonate
- Loratadine
- Lorazepam
- Low Titre Anti-T Plasma
M
- Macrogol 3350
- Magnesium Sulfate
- Magnesium Sulphate
- Mefloquine
- Meloxicam
- Mepolizumab
- Meropenem
- Mesalazine
- Metformin
- Methadone
- Methotrexate
- Methoxyprogesterone Acetate
- Methylprednisolone
- Metoclopramide
- Metoprolol
- Metronidazole
- Midazolam
- Mifepristone (RU486)
- Mirtazapine
- Misoprostol
- Mitomycin
- Mitoxantrone
- Moclobemide
- Montelukast
- Morphine
- Moxifloxacin
- Mycophenolate Mofetil
N
O
P
- Paclitaxel
- Palbociclib
- Paliperidone
- Pamidronate
- Pancuronium
- Panitumumab
- Pantoprazole
- Paracetamol / Acetaminophen
- Paroxetine
- Pazopanib
- Pembrolizumab
- Penicillamine
- Perindopril Arginine
- Perindopril Erbumine
- Pertuzumab
- Phenelzine
- Phenotyped Platelets
- Phenotyped Red Cells
- Phenoxymethylpenicillin
- Phenytoin
- Physostigmine
- Phytomenadione
- Pioglitazone
- Piperacillin-Tazobactam
- Pizotifen
- Ponatinib
- Pooled Platelets
- Posiconazole
- Pramipexole
- Prasugrel
- Pravastatin
- Prazosin
- Prednisolone / Prednisone
- Pregabalin
- Primaquine
- Procainamide
- Procarbazine
- Prochlorperazine
- Promethazine
- Propofol
- Propranolol
- Propylthiouracil
- Protamine Sulfate
- Prothrombinex
- Psyllium
- Pyrazinamide
Q
R
S
- Salbutamol
- Salmeterol
- Saxagliptin
- Secukinumab
- Sennosides
- Sertraline
- Sevoflurane
- Simvastatin
- Sirolimus
- Sitagliptin
- Sodium Calcium Edetate
- Sodium Picosulphate
- Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
- Sodium Thiosulfate
- Sodium Valproate
- Sorafenib
- Sorbitol
- Sotalol
- Spironolactone
- Strontium Ranelate
- Succimer
- Sulfasalazine
- Sumatriptan
- Sunitinib
- Suxamethonium / Succinylcholine
T
- Tacrolimus
- Tamoxifen
- Tamsulosin
- Tapentadol
- Teicoplanin
- Telmisartan
- Temazepam
- Temozolomide
- Tenecteplase
- Tenofovir
- Terbutaline
- Teriparatide
- Thyroxine
- Ticagrelor
- Ticarcillin-Clavulanate
- Tiotropium
- Tiotropium / Olodaterol
- Tirofiban
- Tocilizumab
- Tofacitinib
- Topiramate
- Tramadol
- Tranexamic Acid
- Trastuzumab
- Trastuzumab-Emtansine
- Trimethoprim
- Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole
U
V
W
Z
Tiotropium
- MDITiotropiumSpirivaLong-acting – best for COPD maintenance
- Mechanism of Action
- Inhibits muscarinic (M3) receptors, leading to bronchial smooth muscle relaxation and bronchodilation through reduction in acetylcholine-mediated vagal tone.
Clinical Use
- Indications
- Acute asthma (ipratropium)
- Acute exacerbations of COPD (ipratropium)
- Maintenance therapy for COPD (tiotropium)
- Adverse Effects
- Dry mouth
- Headache
Potential IndicationsBETA
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Asthma