• Mechanism of Action
• Competitively inhibit the action of adrenaline and noradrenaline on β1 receptors (the predominant β receptors in the heart), resulting in suppression of the sympathetic nervous system with negative inotropy, chronotropy, dromotropy and lusiotropy.

Clinical Use

• • Indications
  • Hypertension – second-line therapy, especially indicated for patients with stable angina or post MI.
  • Rate control for atrial fibrillation
  • Prophylaxis for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
  • Post myocardial infarction (12 hours after onset of chest pain)
• • Contraindications
  • Asthma
  • Decompensated heart failure
  • AV block
• • Adverse Effects
  • Fatigue / headache
  • Bradycardia
  • Postural hypotension
  • Nausea / vomiting / diarrhoea