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Lung Function Tests
 

Restrictive Lung Disease

March 4th, 2023
 
 
 
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Overview

While spirometric values such as FEV₁ and FVC can be suggestive of restrictive lung disease,  a reduced total lung capacity (TLC) of 80% predicted is diagnostic.
  • Pulmonary Function Test Findings

  • FEV₁ reduced (<80% predicted)
  • FVC reduced (<80% predicted)
  • FEV₁:FVC ratio normal (>0.7)
  • Reduced volume in flow-volume loop
  • TLC <80% predicted
  • DLCO normal (extrapulmonary) or decreased (parenchymal)
  • Causes of Restrictive Disease

  • Parenchymal

  • Pulmonary fibrosis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Atelectasis
  • Extrapulmonary

  • Pleural - pleural effusion, pneumothorax
  • Chest wall deformity - kyphosis, scoliosis, morbid obesity
  • Neurologic / neuromuscular / muscular disorder - motor neurone disease, Guillain-Barre, muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis
  • Severity of Restrictive Disease

    Based on TLC:
  • Mild - 70-80% predicted
  • Moderate - 60-70% predicted
  • Moderately severe - 50-60% predicted
  • Severe - <50% predicted
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